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O Período Embrionário (As Primeiras 8 Semanas)
Desenvolvimento Embrionário: As Primeiras 4 Semanas
Capítulo 3 Fertilização
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| Kana tichitevera Biology,
"munhu anotanga kusikwa
panosangana murume nemukadzi"
kana murume nemukadzi
vasanganisa nhengo dzavo, uyu makumi maviri ane nhatu
dzinonzi ma chromosomes
pavanosangana
zvinoita kuti vatange kusika mumhu.
Kumadzimai izvi zvinozikanwa
"sezai" ramai
asi zita racho chairo rinonzi
"oocyte".
kune vanhurumewo zvinozivikanwa
sehuronyo.
zvinozivikanwa sehurume kana
kuti "sperm" muchirungu
asi zita racho chairo
rinonzi "spermatozoon".
Kana nyoka yemunhukadzi yaburitsa
zai kana"oocyte"
zvinodaidzwa kuti ovulation,
zai kana "oocyte"
ne "spermatozoon" zvobatana
mune tumatambo
twakabata chibereko,
twunozivakanwa nezita
rekuti "Fallopian tubes".
Twutambo utwu
Twunobatanidza ma"ovaries"
nechibereko.
Chinobuda ipapo chimubatanidzwa
Che embryo chinonzi "zygote",
izvi zvinoreva kupinda pajoke
rimwe kana kubatanidzwa.
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Capítulo 4 DNA, divisão celular e Fator Inicial da Gravidez (EPF)
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| Zygote rine makumi mana
nematanhatu enhengo
nhengo idzi ndidzo
dzinovamba upenyu
hwemunhu ega-ega uyendiyo inonzi
"genetic blueprint" yakakwana.
Masikirwo emunhu anogara
mukati mehata yakamonwa
ye ma"molecules" anonzi "DNA".
Anochengetedza makuriro
Anoita munhu kubva pakuberekwa
kusvika muviri wese wakwana.
Ma "DNA molecules"
akafanana nemanera akamonerera
anodaidzwa kuti "double helix".
Manera aya anenge aine
Ma"molecules" maviri-maviri,
kanakuti mabesi anonzi "guanine",
"cytosine", "adenine", ne "thymine".
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| Ma"Guanine" anosangana
chete ne "cytosine",
ne "adenine" ine "thymine".
Mukati memunhu ega-ega mune Ma"cells"
anopfuura zviuru zvezviuru zvitatu
zvakasungwa pauviri-viri.
Saka "DNA" ye "cell" rimwechete
Inochengeta ruzivo
rwekutoti dai painyorwa
nemazwi,
zvaireve kuti vara rekutanga
pabesi rega-rega
rinotoda mavara akapfuura miriyoni
nechidimbu zvemapepa akanyorwa!
Kuzoti zvikaitwa mudungwe,
inokwana mutsetse wakareba
mafiti matatu nechidimbu
kana kuti mita imwechete.
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| Tikamonorora
Yese zvayo "DNA"
inowanikwa mumunhu mukuru
tinowana zana rezviuru zvema'cells'
kana kuti rwendo rwunopfuura mamayera
makumi matanhatu ane nhatu ezviuru.
Pano tingati zvakaenzana nekubva
pasi pano kuenda kuzuva nekudzoka
Kunokwana mazana matatu ane mana.
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| Kana pachangopera zuva rimwechete
muchangosana,
zai kana "zygote" rinenge
rapinduka kuita maviri,
nenzira inodaidzirwa kuti 'mitosis'
zai rimwe rinotsemuka kuita maviri ayo
anoita mana zvichingoenda zvakadaro.
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| Mumashure mezuva rimwechete kana
kuti maviri muchangopedza kusangana,
nhumbu inenge yatobata uye
inoongororwa ne "hormone"
rinonzi "early pregnancy factor"
rinowanikwa muropa ramai.
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Capítulo 5 Estágios Iniciais (Mórula e Blastocisto) e Células Tronco
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| Mumashure memazuva
Matatu kana mana mabvakusangana,
kumeduka-meduka kwema'cells' emu'embryo'
kunoshanduka kuita sedenderedzwa
uye "embryo" inopiwa
zita rekuti "morula".
Mumashure memazuva mana kana mashanu
Muchidenderedzwa munoita buri
kana zvadayi "embryo" inopiwa
zita rekuti"blastocyst".
Zvino ma"cell" arimukati
me "blastocyst"
anopiwa
zita rekuti "inner cell mass"
uye ndiwo anokurisa musoro,muviri,
nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri
dzinove ndidzo dzakakosha pamunhu.
Ma"cell" anowanikwa
Mukati-kati me"cell mass"
anopiwa zita rekuti"embryonic stem cells"
nekuti anokwanisa
kuvaka rimwe
rema'cell" anopfuura zviuru zviviri
anowanikwa mumuviri wemunhu.
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Capítulo 6 1 a 1½ Semanas: Implantação e Gonadotrofina Coriônica Humana (hCG)
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| Kana mukatevera
Mukati mechibereko,
ka "embryo" kekutanga
kanozvidyara
mukati memadziro
echibereko.
Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti"implantation"
inotanga pamazuva matanhatu,
iyo inoguma mumashure memazuva gumi
kana guminemaviri muchangosangana.
Ma"cell" anobva mu"embryo"
anotangisa kuburitsa "hormone"
rinonzi "human chorionic
gonadotropin", kana "CG",
zvinove ndizvo zvinowanikwa
pakuongorora kubatwa kwenhumbu.
Iyi 'HCG' ndeyekugadzirira mai
kuti vachirega kuenda
kumwedzi senguva dzose
kuitira kuti nhumbu ibate.
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Capítulo 7 A Placenta e o Cordão Umbilical
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| Zvinoitika kana
ma"cells" arikunze
kwe "blastocyst"
anokonzera kukura
kweruguvhute,
urwu rwunoita basa
rekudzivirira mwana
nema"embryonic
circulatory systems".
Ruguvhute rwunounza
mweya we"oxygen", zvinokurisa,
ma"hormones", nezvinorapa
mwana achirimudumbu;
kubvisa tsvina yese;
nekudzivirira ropa ramai
kuti risasangane
nere "embryo" kana nere"fetus".
Ruguvhute zvakare ndirwo
rwunogadzira ma"hormone"
nekuchengetedza madziyiro
ema"embryo" ne"fetus"
kuti adziye
kupfuura amai.
Ruguvhute ndirwo rwunofambisa
zvese zvinodiwa pamhunu
rwuchishandisa tsinga
dzinowanikwa muguvhu.
Zvese zvinochengetedza upenyu
zvinowanikwa muruguvhute zvinokunda
zvinowanikwa nzvimbo dzekurapa
muzvipatara zviripamusoro-soro.
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Capítulo 8 Nutrição e Proteção
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| Mukupera kwesvondo,
ma"cell" emukati-kati
me"cell mass"
anoita zviviri zvakafukidza
zvinonzi "hypoblast"
ne " epiblast".
Iyi "hypoblast" inokonzera
kukura kwechakavhara zai,
chinova chinokonzera
kufamba
kwezvinokudza
mwana paanenge
achiri pazera re"embryo".
Ma "cell" anowanikwapa
"epiblast" anoita
mambure anonzi "amnion",
anova ndiwo anochengeta 'embryo'
ichapinduka kuita "fetus"
kusvikira mwana aberekwa.
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Capítulo 9 2 a 4 Semanas: Camadas Germinativas e Formação de Órgãos
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| Pakupera kwemasvondo maviri
anechidimbu,
"epiblast" inenge yavepo
uye ne ma"specialized tissues"
matatu,
kana kuti ma "germ layers",
anonzi "ectoderm",
"endoderm",
ne" mesoderm".
"Ectoderm" inokonzera
kukura kwenhengo dzemuviri
dzinosanganisa uropi,
musana,
tsinga,
ganda,
nzara,
nevhudzi.
"Endoderm" inogadzira
mukati mehuro nezvekufema zvese
uye nezvekumedza nekudya zvese,
uye nekugadzira
dzimwe nhengo dzese dzemuviri
dzakaita sechitaka
nerwatata.
"Mesoderm" inogadzira mwoyo,
neitsvo,
mapfupa,
tsinga dzinobatanidza mapfupa,
nyama yemuviri,
tsinga dzeropa,
nedzimwewo nhengo.
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| Mumasvondo matatu
uropi hunoita
nhengo nhatu dzakakosha
dzinonzi "forebrain",
"midbrain",
ne "hindbrain".
Mukugadzirwa uku nhengo
Dzekufema nedzekudyisa
dzinenge dzichigadzirwawo.
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| Chekutanga nhengo dzeropa
dzinotanga kuonekwa
mukatimezai riye,
tsinga dzeropawo dzinotanga
mukati mese me "embryo",
nekutanga kwenhengo dzemwoyo.
Pakare ipapo,
mwoyo unotanga kukura
wotanga kupetana
uye nhengo dzemwoyo
dzotanga kukura.
Mwoyo wototanga kurova
masvondo matatu nezuvarimwechete
muchangosangana.
Nhengo dzinofambisa ropa
ndidzo dzinotanga kugadzirwa,
pano tinoreva zvese
zvekufambisa ropa,
kuti muviri urarame.
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Capítulo 10 3 a 4 Semanas: O Dobramento do Embrião
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| Pakati pemasvondo matatu nemana,
muviri wese unotanga kuwonekwa
kuti uropi,
musana,
nemwoyo unenge urimu "embryo"
zvinonyatsowonekwa
zvakabatana neganda rezai.
Makurumidziro ekukura anoita
kuti "embryo" ipetanepetane.
Kupetana uku kunosanganisa
ganda rakakomberedza zai
neganda remukati
menhengo dzekumedza kudya
zvovaka chipfuva
nenhengo dzemudumbu
memwana achirimudumbu
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