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The Biology of Prenatal Development




THE BIOLOGY OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

.English


 

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Um Embrião de 8 Semanas

Capítulo 30   8 Semanas: Desenvolvimento do Cérebro

At 8 weeks the brain is highly complex and constitutes almost half of the embryo's total body weight.

Growth continues at an extraordinary rate.

Capítulo 31   Característica de Destro e Canhoto

By 8 weeks, 75% of embryos exhibit right-hand dominance. The remainder is equally divided between left-handed dominance and no preference. This is the earliest evidence of right- or left-handed behavior.

Capítulo 32   Virar

Pediatric textbooks describe the ability to "roll over" as appearing 10 to 20 weeks after birth. However, this impressive coordination is displayed much earlier in the low-gravity environment of the fluid-filled amniotic sac. Only the lack of strength required to overcome the higher gravitational force outside the uterus prevents newborns from rolling over.

The embryo is becoming more physically active during this time.

Motions may be slow or rapid, single or repetitive, spontaneous or reflexive.

Head rotation, neck extension, and hand-to-face contact occur more often.

Touching the embryo elicits squinting, jaw movement, grasping motions, and toe pointing.

Capítulo 33   Fusão da Pálpebra

Between 7 and 8 weeks, the upper and lower eyelids rapidly grow over the eyes and partially fuse together.

Capítulo 34   Movimento de Respiração e Micção

Although there is no air in the uterus, the embryo displays intermittent breathing motions by 8 weeks.

By this time, kidneys produce urine which is released into the amniotic fluid.

In male embryos, the developing testes begin to produce and release testosterone.

Capítulo 35   8 a 9 Meses (32 a 36 Semanas): Formação dos Alvéolos, Segurar com Força, Preferências de Gosto

The bones, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of the limbs closely resemble those in adults.

By 8 weeks the epidermis, or outer skin, becomes a multi-layered membrane, losing much of its transparency.

Eyebrows grow as hair appears around the mouth.

Capítulo 36   Resumo das Primeiras 8 Semanas

Eight weeks marks the end of the embryonic period.

During this time, the human embryo has grown from a single cell into the nearly 1 billion cells which form over 4,000 distinct anatomic structures.

The embryo now possesses more than 90% of the structures found in adults.